43IT analyzes software directly at the binary level. We help claimant-side legal teams, patent holders and courts understand what software actually does — and we apply the same capability where source code, documentation or original developers are no longer available.
From bits and bytes to court-ready expert evidence.
We analyze compiled binaries to determine what software does – no source code required.
Technical evidence for high-stakes software claims.
Finding defeat devices in ECU firmware
We identify and explain ECU functions and calibrations relevant to alleged defeat devices and emissions-control strategies.
Software, calibration and control-strategy disputes
We investigate whether the cause for vehicle defects, component damage or systematic behavior lies in ECU code, calibrations or diagnostic data.
Firmware-level infringement analysis
We support patent holders and litigation teams in finding, verifying and documenting technical patent claim elements in accused embedded firmware.
Software disputes beyond embedded systems
Independent technical investigation in software and platform disputes outside the embedded automotive context – applying the methodology that underpins our embedded litigation work.
Recovering software behavior when source code, documentation or original developers are no longer available.
Reconstructing legacy embedded systems
We reconstruct what legacy embedded software does – from the binary, surviving documentation and observable behavior – for obsolescence, modernization, audit and re-certification projects.
What sets us apart:
We work directly with software binaries – not only with externally observed system behavior.
Our findings are documented and reproducible. We present them such that lawyers, experts, and courts can understand and challenge them.
We understand ECU firmware, emissions systems, diagnostics, calibrations, communication protocols, and measurement setups – and the embedded architectures behind them.
Specialists for PowerPC, SuperH, TriCore, and other embedded architectures. We use Ghidra workflows and internal tooling developed for binary mass analysis.
Technical skill applied to legal cases.
Technical findings usable in legal proceedings
We support matters from early technical case assessment through written reports, technical exhibits, disclosure questions, expert meetings, and oral evidence.
Read more →Firmware, vehicles, measurements and embedded systems
Our technical focus covers static binary analysis, control-flow and data-flow reconstruction, calibration interpretation, UDS/KWP/OBD communication, EEPROM decoding and measurement systems.
Read more →See selected publicly available court documents and media coverage that reference 43IT's software analysis and expert work.
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